Prompted by a conversation in Year Two of Changing to a youthful phenotype with sprouts, here are sixteen 2022 papers published in the last 45 days involving glucosamine. There are more researchers alive today than in the sum of human history, and they are compelled to publish.
Human research
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874122002860 “The efficacy and safety of Jinwu Gutong capsule in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”
“The Jinwu Gutong (JWGT) capsule is a Chinese patent medicine that is widely used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and osteoporosis in China and is considered to have the potential for good clinical efficacy. The application of JWGT combined with NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, or glucosamine can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of the latter agents in KOA treatment.”
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00330-022-08772-w “Breast cancer imaging with glucosamine CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) MRI: first human experience” (not freely available)
“This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of imaging breast cancer with glucosamine (GlcN) CEST MRI technique to distinguish between tumor and surrounding tissue, compared to the conventional MRI method. The results of this initial feasibility study indicate the potential of GlcN CEST MRI to diagnose breast cancer in a clinical setup.”
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10067-022-06105-2 “The comparison of curcuminoid formulations or its combination with conventional therapies versus conventional therapies alone for knee osteoarthritis” (not freely available)
“Curcuminoid formulations or its combination with conventional therapies has been used for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Evidence is limited due to small-sized clinical trials. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of curcuminoid formulations or its combination with conventional therapies for KOA.”
Animal, chemical, and microbiota research
https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jmcb/mjac016/6548195 “Regulation of the urea cycle by CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation in response to dietary restriction and aging”
“O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of intracellular proteins is a dynamic process broadly implicated in age-related disease, yet it remains uncharacterized whether and how O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the natural aging process. Our results identify CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation as a key nutrient-sensing regulatory step in the urea cycle during aging and dietary restriction, implying a role for mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation in nutritional regulation of longevity.”
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/626/htm “Laccase-Catalyzed Derivatization of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Glucosamine”
“The increasing demand for new and effective antibiotics requires intelligent strategies to obtain a wide range of potential candidates. The products protected mice against infection with Staphylococcus aureus, which was lethal to the control animals. The results underline the great potential of laccases in obtaining new biologically active compounds, in this case new antibiotic candidates from the class of aminoglycosides.”
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-605X/ac61fa “Gelatin-glucosamine hydrochloride/crosslinked-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks@IBU composite hydrogel long-term sustained drug delivery system for osteoarthritis treatment” (not freely available)
“Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of articular cartilage degradation and inflammation of the joint capsule. Combining anti-inflammatory therapy with nutritional supplement is an effective means for the treatment of OA. Mechanical properties, sustained drug release behavior, and good biocompatibility of G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel showed that it has potential application in OA treatment of long-term sustained nutritional supplement and anti-inflammatory synchronously.”
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/FO/D1FO04086C “Glucosamine enhances proliferation, barrier, and anti-oxidative functions in porcine trophectoderm cells”
“Trophectoderm (TE) is the first epithelium that appears during mammalian embryogenesis, and is a polarized transporting single cell layer that comprises the wall of the blastocyst. Previous studies have revealed the functional roles of glucose (Gluc), fructose (Fruc), and glutamine (Gln), which play a positive role in porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cell proliferation and migration, suggesting the importance of nutrients for normal development of the conceptus and implantation.
This work was conducted to test the hypothesis that glucosamine (GlcN), which is synthesized from Gln and Fruc-6-phosphate through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, can stimulate proliferation and sustain the barrier and anti-oxidative functions of pTr cells. GlcN plays an important role in promoting proliferation and stimulating the mTOR cell signaling pathway, as well as ameliorating oxidative stress and augmenting barrier functions in pTr cells.”
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00057 “O-GlcNAcase Inhibitor ASN90 is a Multimodal Drug Candidate for Tau and α-Synuclein Proteinopathies”
“Neurodegenerative proteinopathies are characterized by the intracellular formation of insoluble and toxic protein aggregates in the brain that are closely linked to disease progression. O-GlcNAcase prevents the removal of O-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine moieties from intracellular proteins and has emerged as an attractive therapeutic approach to prevent the formation of tau pathology.”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ctm2.762 “Glucosamine facilitates cardiac ischemic recovery via recruiting Ly6Clow monocytes in a STAT1 and O-GlcNAcylation-dependent fashion”
“Glucosamine (GlcN, 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) is a freely available and commonly used dietary supplement for human cartilage health, which hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and induces protein O-GlcNAcylation. GlcN early therapy (GlcN/E), which initiated 1 day before myocardial infarction (MI), effectively facilitated cardiac ischemic recovery. More importantly, short-term GlcN therapy initiated even 3 days post-MI (GlcN/L) was also sufficient to induce clear cardiac protection, suggesting that both GlcN/E and GlcN/L therapies effectively ameliorate post-MI cardiac dysfunction and scar formation.”
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9007349/ “Filling gaps in bacterial catabolic pathways with computation and high-throughput genetics”
“For many microbes, we know little about them beyond their genome sequences. We built an automated tool to identify gaps: transporters or enzymes that should be present, to explain how a bacterium uses a carbon source, but could not be found in the genome. By comparing these gaps to large-scale genetic data for 29 bacteria, we identified hundreds of novel transporters and enzymes, and a new metabolic pathway for consuming glucosamine.”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942222000991 “Ingadosides A-C, acacic acid-type saponins from Inga sapindoides with potent inhibitory activity against downy mildew”
“As part of a project aiming at the discovery of environmentally friendly alternatives to copper in organic agriculture, a 96% ethanolic extract from the leaves of Inga sapindoides showed potent inhibitory activity against grapevine downy mildew. I. sapindoides, a tree which is often cultivated for shading coffee plantations in Central America, may represent a sustainable source of fungicidal products to be used in the replacement of copper.”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378111922002840 “Aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine hydrochloride capsules inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes in rabbit knee osteoarthritis by affecting TRPV5 expression”
“This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine on the apoptosis of chondrocytes of rabbit knee osteoarthritis by affecting the expression of TRPV5. Aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine hydrochloride capsules inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes in rabbit KOA by affecting the expression of TRPV5.”
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/BM/D2BM00280A “Smart erythrocyte-hitchhiking insulin delivery system for prolonged automatic blood glucose control”
“Long and automatic control of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients could solve the problems caused by frequent insulin injections. Herein, we exploited the protection potential of erythrocytes by a ‘hitchhiking’ strategy to significantly prolong the blood circulation time of a specifically-designed smart hitchhiking insulin delivery system (SHIDS). In the SHIDS, insulin, glucose oxidase, and catalase were co-loaded into nanoparticles formed by modified chitosan. The free glucosamines in chitosan anchor glucose transporters on the surface of erythrocytes, allowing erythrocyte-hitchhiking in the blood flow.”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814621027825 “Maillard-reacted peptides from glucosamine-induced glycation exhibit a pronounced salt taste-enhancing effect” (not freely available)
“Reducing salt intake, as one of the most cost-effective approaches, is congruent with improved population health. Maillard-reacted peptides exhibited a significant salt taste-enhancing effect, which may be attributed to the glucosamine-induced glycation. The current study provides a theoretical basis for preparation of salt taste-enhancing peptides and their future application to reduce salt content of formulated foods.”
https://academic.oup.com/glycob/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/glycob/cwac027/6572163 “Peptidoglycan from Akkermansia muciniphila Muc T: chemical structure and immunostimulatory properties of muropeptides” (not freely available)
“Akkermansia muciniphila is an intestinal symbiont known to improve the gut barrier function in mice and humans. Our results provide new insights into the diversity of cell envelope structures of key gut microbiota members and their role in steering host-microbiome interactions.”
Reviews
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9008999/ “Ruminal bacteria lipopolysaccharides: an immunological and microbial outlook”
“Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria made of three regions: the O-antigen; the core oligosaccharide; and a glucosamine disaccharide linked to hydroxy fatty acids, which is named lipid A. this review identifies numerous areas for future research, including setting the basis for future modeling and simulation of host microbiome interactions in ruminants.”
Surface Your Real Self 