A second update to Signaling pathways and aging:

“At 40 months old, 3 treated rats are still alive, and all 8 control rats have died. This study started in February of 2021 when all female subjects were 24 months old.

The study will continue until all rats are dead. Animals receive intravenous E5 every 90 days.”

The initial study was all males, and this first follow-on study is all females. Both studies’ treatment groups started at human-equivalent ages of 65-67 years.

Seven weeks ago there were 6 treated rats and 4 control rats alive. Subject deaths since then were at human-equivalent ages of 100-110 years. Rat maximum lifespan is 45 months, so we’ll find out later this year how the treatment affects lifespan.

“A new study of intravenous E5 in rats began last week, with 24 Sprague Dawley rats which are 18 to 20 months old. 12 rats are in the treated group and 12 are in the control group.

Of these, 6 are males and 6 are females in each group. The dosing cycle has been changed to 45 days.”