I’ll curate this 2019 German review through its figures: “With the discovery of beneficial aspects of cellular senescence and evidence of senescence being not limited to replicative cellular states, a redefinition of our comprehension of aging and senescence appears scientifically overdue. Figure 1. Current determinants and relevant open questions, marking the processes of aging and … Continue reading Organismal aging and cellular senescence
This 2018 Baltimore cell study found: “Based on similarities in overall methylation patterns in replicative senescence and cancers, it is hypothesized that tumor-promoting DNA methylation in cancers derives from cells escaping senescence. We show that the tumor-associated methylation changes evolve independently of senescence and are pro-survival events with functional implications contrasting that in senescence. In … Continue reading Cell senescence and DNA methylation
The 2016 UK/UCLA human study found: “Induction of replicative senescence (RS) and oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) are accompanied by ageing of the cell. However, senescence induced by DNA damage is not, even though RS and OIS activate the cellular DNA damage response pathway, highlighting the independence of senescence from cellular ageing. We used primary endothelial cells … Continue reading Using an epigenetic clock to distinguish cellular aging from senescence
Two 2023 papers on endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and aging relationships, starting with the Introduction section of a comprehensive study: “Several causal determinants of aging-related molecular changes have been identified, such as epigenetic alterations and stimulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Although the majority of these studies describe aging determinants originating primarily from protein-coding genes, … Continue reading Ancient parasite DNA within us
Here is a 2021 rodent study and relevant parts from 3 of its 26 citing papers: “A long line of evidence has established the laboratory mouse as the prime model of human aging. However, relatively little is known about detailed behavioral and functional changes that occur across their lifespan, and how this maps onto the … Continue reading What do we know about human aging from mouse models?
This 2022 human cell study investigated DNA methylation and aging: “Models based on DNA methylation can be used to predict the age of biological samples, but their interpretability is limited due to the lack of causal inferences. Neither existing epigenetic clocks nor DNA methylation changes are enriched in causal CpG sites. Causal CpGs include similar … Continue reading Measuring epigenetic DNA causes
As mentioned in Week 127, I had biological age measured earlier this month, and received five reports two days ago on Sunday. Part of the company’s process is to follow up their reports (intrinsic aging, immune aging, pace of aging, telomere length, weight loss) with a consulting session to review and interpret, which lasted an … Continue reading How to measure biological age?
Two papers on aging measurements, starting with a 2022 human study: “We collected longitudinally across the adult age range a comprehensive list of phenotypes within four domains (body composition, energetics, homeostatic mechanisms and neurodegeneration / neuroplasticity) and functional outcomes. We integrated individual deviations from population trajectories into a global longitudinal phenotypic metric of aging. We … Continue reading Variable aging measurements
I’ll highlight this 2022 review’s relationships between inflammation and cluster of differentiation 38: “We review the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) catabolizing enzyme CD38, which plays critical roles in pathogenesis of diseases related to infection, inflammation, fibrosis, metabolism, and aging. NAD is a cofactor of paramount importance for an array of cellular processes related to mitochondrial … Continue reading CD38 and balance
2021’s busiest researcher took time out this month to update progress on epigenetic clocks: Hallmarks of aging aren’t all associated with epigenetic aging. Interventions that increase cellular lifespan aren’t all associated with epigenetic aging. Many of his authored or coauthored 2021 papers developed human / mammalian species relative-age epigenetic clocks. Relative-age epigenetic clocks better predict … Continue reading Epigenetic clocks so far in 2021
Two 2020 rodent studies investigated intervertebral disk degeneration, with the first on AGEs’ role: “This study evaluated the role of AGEs and RAGE in driving early intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration processes in mice. Aging and diabetes are associated with increased low-back pain and IVD degeneration, yet causal mechanisms remain uncertain. AGEs: Accumulate in IVDs from … Continue reading Back pain and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
This 2020 review focused on three Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs): “We summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest‑specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla‑rich protein (GRP) and periostin in terms of their functions in physiological and pathological conditions. As examples: Carboxylated Gas 6 and GRP effectively protect blood vessels from calcification; Gas 6 protects from acute … Continue reading Vitamin K-dependent proteins
This 2021 review followed up Epigenetic effects of cow’s milk and many papers since then: “Epidemiological studies associate intake of cow milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Milk’s physiological function to maintain high mTORC1 signaling at the beginning of mammalian life … Continue reading Cow milk causes disease
This 2020 review explored the title subject: “The human body contains 1013 human cells and 1014 commensal microbiota. Gut microbiota play vital roles in human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition. Human lifespan was thought to be determined by the combined influence of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors including lifestyle-associated factors such as exercise or diet. … Continue reading Gut microbiota and aging
I’ve partially read these 39 studies and reviews, but haven’t taken time to curate them. Early Life Intergenerational Transmission of Cortical Sulcal Patterns from Mothers to their Children (not freely available) Differences in DNA Methylation Reprogramming Underlie the Sexual Dimorphism of Behavioral Disorder Caused by Prenatal Stress in Rats Maternal Diabetes Induces Immune Dysfunction in … Continue reading Clearing out the 2020 queue of interesting papers
Surface Your Real Self 