Search Results for: mitochondria

Take taurine for your mitochondria

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This 2021 review summarized taurine’s beneficial effects on mitochondrial function: “Taurine supplementation protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. Potential mechanisms by which taurine exerts its antioxidant activity in maintaining mitochondria health include: Conjugates with uridine on mitochondrial tRNA to form a … Continue reading Take taurine for your mitochondria

Little evidence for mitochondrial DNA methylation

gettingwell4 2-3 stars Required further work, Epigenetics

This 2018 Japanese rodent study used three different techniques to detect mitochondrial DNA methylation: “Whilst 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a major epigenetic mark in the nuclear DNA in mammals, whether or not mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) receives 5mC modification remains controversial. We used bisulfite sequencing, McrBC digestion analyses and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, which are distinctly differing … Continue reading Little evidence for mitochondrial DNA methylation

Mitochondria interface genetic/epigenetic responses to psychological stress

gettingwell4 2-3 stars Required further work, Cortisol, Dopamine, Epigenetics, Glutamate, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Limbic system, Neurochemicals, Serotonin, Stress , , ,

This 2015 Pennsylvania rodent study found: “Mitochondria can regulate complex whole-body physiological responses, impacting stress perception at the cellular and organismal levels. Mitochondrial dysfunctions altered the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal [HPA] axis, sympathetic adrenal–medullary activation and catecholamine levels, the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, circulating metabolites, and hippocampal gene expression responses to stress. Stress-induced neuroendocrine, inflammatory, metabolic, and transcriptional responses … Continue reading Mitochondria interface genetic/epigenetic responses to psychological stress

Nrf2 Week #6: Phytochemicals

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This 2023 review explored Nrf2 relationships with plant chemicals: “This review focuses on possible mechanisms of Nrf2 activation by natural phytochemicals in preventing or treating chronic diseases, and regulating oxidative stress. Excess oxidative stress is closely related to many kinds of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, and other inflammatory … Continue reading Nrf2 Week #6: Phytochemicals

Nrf2 Week #5: Elements

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Two 2023 papers, starting with a cell study of Nrf2 regulating sulfur: “We demonstrated that NRF2 increased intracellular persulfides by upregulating cystine transporter xCT encoded by Slc7a11, a well-known NRF2 target gene. Persulfides have been shown to play an important role in mitochondrial function. Supplementation with glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG), which is a form of persulfide, … Continue reading Nrf2 Week #5: Elements

Nrf2 Week #4: Aging

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Two 2023 reviews of Nrf2 and aging, starting with Nrf2-mitochondria interactions: “We discuss molecular mechanisms of interactions between Nrf2 and mitochondria that influence the rate of aging and lifespan. Nrf2 activity positively affects both mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control. Nrf2 influences mitochondrial function through regulation of nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial proteins and changes in the … Continue reading Nrf2 Week #4: Aging

Nrf2 Week #1: Targeting

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It’s been a while since I curated Nrf2 research. Read almost a dozen relevant 2023 papers last week. Let’s begin with an opinion paper by a highly qualified researcher: “The inducible transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulates expression of several hundred genes encoding proteins with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, drug metabolising, and other … Continue reading Nrf2 Week #1: Targeting

Eat broccoli sprouts for depression, Part 3

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Here are two papers published after Part 2 that cited the Part 1 rodent study, starting with a 2023 rodent study performed by several Part 1 coauthors: “We used a low-dose LPS-induced endotoxaemia model to mimic clinical characteristics of sepsis. We found that adolescent LPS treatment was sufficient to increase levels of inflammatory factor TNF-α … Continue reading Eat broccoli sprouts for depression, Part 3

Broccoli sprouts activate the AMPK pathway, Part 4

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Today someone viewed the 2020 Part 3 of Broccoli sprouts activate the AMPK pathway which lacked citations at the time. Checking again, here are three citing 2022 papers, starting with a review: “Nrf2 is an important transcription factor that regulates expression of a large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 regulates expression … Continue reading Broccoli sprouts activate the AMPK pathway, Part 4

All about walnuts’ effects

gettingwell4 4-5 stars Advanced knowledge, Acetylcholine, Amygdala, Cerebrum, Epigenetics, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Immune system, Limbic system, Memory, Neurochemicals, Stress, Telomeres , , , ,

Five 2022 papers focusing on walnuts, starting with a comparison of eight tree nuts: “The aim of the present study was to examine 8 different popular nuts – pecan, pine, hazelnuts, pistachio, almonds, cashew, walnuts, and macadamia. Total content of phenolic compounds in nuts ranged from 5.9 (pistachio) to 432.9 (walnuts) mg/100 g. Walnuts had … Continue reading All about walnuts’ effects

Epigenetic effects of plasma concentrate

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“We use data from a safety study (n = 18, mean age 74) to investigate whether human umbilical cord plasma concentrate (hereinafter Plasma Concentrate) injected weekly (1 ml intramuscular) into elderly human subjects over a 10-week period affects different biomarkers, including epigenetic age measures, standard clinical biomarkers of organ dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), and … Continue reading Epigenetic effects of plasma concentrate

Beneficial dietary erucic acid?

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A 2022 review to follow up Caution on broccoli seed erucic acid content?: “Erucic acid is found to cause cardiac lipidosis in young animals, yet direct evidence of cardiac injury does not exist for young humans. Concerns about erucic acid safety and cardiotoxicity have been published in the press which are based on scientific reports … Continue reading Beneficial dietary erucic acid?

Non-CpG methylation

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Three 2022 papers on methylation epigenetic modifiers, starting with a human study focused on mitochondrial DNA non-CpG methylation involving nucleobases other than guanine (arginine, cytosine, or thymine): “We collected brain tissue in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex from deceased individuals without (n = 39) and with (n = 14) drug use, and used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to cover … Continue reading Non-CpG methylation

Blanching broccoli sprouts

gettingwell4 2-3 stars Required further work, Acetylcholine, Epigenetics, Immune system, Neurochemicals, Stress , ,

Three 2022 papers of interest cited Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. Let’s start with a fairly straightforward analysis of blanching broccoli sprouts to produce sulforaphane: “We investigated the effect of blanching conditions to determine the optimal treatment that maximizes sulforaphane (SFN) content … Continue reading Blanching broccoli sprouts

Taurine week #7: Brain

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Finishing a week’s worth of 2022 taurine research with two reviews of taurine’s brain effects: “We provide a overview of brain taurine homeostasis, and review mechanisms by which taurine can afford neuroprotection in individuals with obesity and diabetes. Alterations to taurine homeostasis can impact a number of biological processes such as osmolarity control, calcium homeostasis, … Continue reading Taurine week #7: Brain